Writing Samples of a Personal Narrative Essay

Writing Samples of a Personal Narrative EssayFor personal narrative essays, some professionals suggest that it is better to stick to the name of the writer, instead of giving samples of a personal narrative essay. Although there are pros and cons to this option, the information you need to tell in your sample can be obtained from the name of the author, rather than from the name of the source. While this is not a strict rule, if you follow the advice above, you will at least have a good idea of what is possible with your own material. There are a few different samples of a personal narrative essay for the best-selling authors, and in this article we will talk about just how easy it is to get a personal story and why it is possible to sell stories that contain personal content.Personal Life Stories is very popular, and if you write a good story with a strong story point, it will sell even if it is not the name of the author. Even if it is, it will sell if it has personal content. If y ou have a good story, with strong words, and you make sure that you are using all of the elements of fiction, and not of non-fiction, then you will be well on your way to creating a story that readers love to read.There are many writers out there that use a personal story to supplement their story, especially if they have a character that has a specific interest in the beginning of the book. Often, the reader feels that they already know the protagonist and thus, when the story moves to the point where they are introduced to another character, the reader often feels like they need more, and so the story becomes more interesting.When you look at the writing samples of a personal narrative essay, you can see that there are many writers who make good use of these types of material, and most of them are successful. This can create an extremely interesting story with strong plot points that will most likely sell as a book.The story that you need to sell is something that you have experie nced, and so any good writing samples of a personal story will give you the best chance to sell a book that contains personal content. You can ask for samples of the novel, or you can ask for samples of a personal narrative essay. Either of these is fine, but it depends on what you are hoping to sell.The best thing that you can do is to ask your friends, or even if you are writing as a group, find people who have experience with writing, and try to talk to them about stories that they have written, and how they sold them. It is important to understand that writers are not created equal, and as a result, the writing samples of a personal narrative essay should be very different from the samples of a personal autobiography.If you are serious about writing, then you should seriously consider using your own story as a starting point. Your story is your own, and when you are able to follow some of the guidelines that we have discussed, you will find that it is a story that will sell.

The Achievement Gap - 1119 Words

In the education sector, the achievement gap delineates the observed disparity in school performance among student groups. This gap is manifested in measures such as test scores, grades, college completion and dropout rates, and selection of courses. Within the U.S. context, the achievement gap has often been used to refer to the worrying performance disparities between Latinos and African-Americans on one hand and their non-Hispanic white counterparts on the other. The gap also describes academic differences between students hailing from socioeconomically disadvantaged and those who are better off. Throughout history, Hispanic and African-American students have persistently lagged behind whites in academic matters, triggering heated policy discussions. In the recent past, various policy initiatives have been adopted to minimize educational disparities in the U.S. Notable strides include the enactment of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This legislative piece prioritized the bridging of the achievement gap at the federal level, leading to the adoption of targeted interventions for diverse student groups (Arceneaux 391). The available evidence suggests that Hispanic and African-American students have improved in such areas as mathematics and reading. However, the achievement gap between Blacks and Hispanics and Whites is still evident. Recent analyses reveal that Hispanic and African-American students trail their white peers by approximately twenty test-score points onShow MoreRelatedThe Gap Of The Achievement Gap917 Words   |  4 Pages The achievement gap is the education gap between the performance group of students in which these groups are usually defined by their social status, race or gender. The education experts proved that this gap had a negative impact on the students of the new generation as most of them tend to believe that this gap couldn t be changed and that their life success and learning will be depending on their social status, race or gender. This gap not only affects students, but also affects everyone in theRead MoreAchievement Gaps1012 Words   |  5 PagesAchievement Gaps Reading, writing and the ability to solve simple mathematical problems are a part of the necessary tools needed to survive in America. Consequently, such learning tools are used numerous times throughout the day without recognition. However, reading, writing and basic knowledge of mathematical problems are not equally achieved by all social groups. It is clear that education plays a major role in the future of an individual, yet there are achievement gaps between Black, WhiteRead More Achievement Gap Essay1447 Words   |  6 PagesThe achievement gap is defined as the disparity between the performance groups of students, especially groups defined by gender, race/ethnicity, ability and socio-economic status. The achievement gap can be observed through a variety of measures including standardized test scores, grade point averages, drop out rates, college enrollment and completion rates. The Black-White achievement gap is a critical issue in modern society’s education system. A lthough data surrounding the issue clearly indicatesRead MoreAchievement Gap with Minorities753 Words   |  3 Pagesabout achievement gap is broached, it is often offensive towards minorities. Mainly because it implies that you’re acknowledging the fact that there is and achievement difference among their race and Whites. Personally I have no problem with the term because it is factual. It’s what school officials are not doing to close this gap that i have a problem with The achievement gap is sustained by poor school management and teaching—not other social or cultural factors. In order to close this gap amongRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Of Education905 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Achievement Gap.† These are two of the most powerful and controversial words in the educational field today. Professionals use the term achievement gap to refer to the differences in performance, whether it be test scores, attendance, drop-out rates, graduation rates, etc., amongst the various student populations in education. There have been many educational policies and reforms in an attempt to narrow the achievement gap amongst the various ethnic groups namely, â€Å"No Child Left Behind† (NCLB)Read MoreThe Segregation Of The Achievement Gap1837 Words   |  8 PagesThe Camouflaged Segregation of the Achievement Gap in the United States Education System The first public school in the United States opened in Boston in the year of 1821. By the end of the 19th century, public secondary schools began to outnumber private ones. Nevertheless, the education system started with many flaws. One of the biggest problems of the public educational system is that, although it gave the less advantaged an opportunity to learn, it did so in a segregated way. When we talk aboutRead MoreAchievement Gap Between The Educational Performance Gap931 Words   |  4 PagesAchievement gap refers to the difference between the educational performances of different groups of students (Hidden Curriculum, 2014). While this is still a common problem in society, many educators are trying to close the gap and get all students on the same page for success. It is important to know not only the types of achievement gaps faced within schools, but also how they can be handled effectively. One common achievement gap is that of upper-class majority students versus lower-c lass minorityRead MoreEducation And Academic Achievement Gap1304 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents. Many people believe that schools should focus on excelling on standardized testing, such as state tests and college entrance exams, and lowering the academic achievement gap. After all, these examinations are major factors in students’ future decisions and schools’ academic success greatly affects their overall achievement. Focusing on standardized testing is important; however, basic courses—such as English, mathematics, and science—are not the only subjects that are beneficial when preparingRead MoreThe Black White Achievement Gap1462 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American students in an affluent, suburban district have not successfully closed the achievement gap. These students’ are generally lower performing that whites and Asians and sometimes lower than Hispanic and/or socio-economically disadvantaged. According to Sohn (2012) the phenomenon of the black white achievement gap has returned. Slaven and Madden (2006) assert â€Å"The gap in academic achievement between African American (as well as Latino) children and their White peers is arguably theRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Is Difficult For Children2305 Words   |  10 PagesMarkese Jones Mr. Hance AP Writing Lab 10 February 2015 The Achievement Gap The achievement gap is difficult for children just entering school because the bar has already been set to where some of those children are going to land. At the age of three, children of people with careers have vocabularies that are nearly 1.5 times greater than

Story about my Family - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 718 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Autobiography Essay Did you like this example? I think being born into a large family, nine brothers and seven sisters, has many advantages. I always had someone to play with as a child. My older brothers and sisters were always there to protect me; therefore, I never got teased or bullied. My support group was big which helped build my confidence, self-esteem, and resilience. I am not afraid to try anything new because I know my family will always be there to help me out if things dont turn out as planned. I went away to college the fall after graduating from high school. I did well academically and loved expanding my knowledge. However, I had no connection to my family. Land lines were the only telephones at that time and long distance phone calls were expensive. No one came to visit; either they didnt have the time or transportation. I never returned after that first year. I got a job and figured I would go back to college once I bought a car so that I could go home once in a while to avoid getting so homesick. That plan didnt work out either. I ended up having a child and getting married. Three years later I had my second child, but never gave up the idea of going back to college. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Story about my Family" essay for you Create order Eleven years later, I decided it was time for me to return to college. I got an associates degree in medical imaging. I worked a total of two weeks as an x-ray technician before I admitted that I disliked the job and didnt want to work another minute in that field. I had no idea what type of job I wanted to do, but knew I wanted to do more than factory work. At my husbands suggestion, I went back to school and got an associates degree in environmental, health and safety. I found a job immediately even though it was the beginning of the recession and many people were getting laid-off. I really enjoyed this line of work but found it difficult to be taken seriously in this positon since I am a petite woman. I am a firm believer that something good can come out of most situations. I had to attend monthly safety council meetings and it was during one of these meetings that I met a nurse who worked at a factory. This was my introduction to the occupational health nurse position. After researching the job duties and possible career advancements, I knew this was the job I had been seeking all along. I knew my former education and experiences would help not only with nursing school, but also working as an occupational health nurse. I couldnt convince my nursing instructors that my experience as a safety director in a factory would help me get a job as an occupational health nurse immediately after graduating as a nurse. I was informed that many positions require at least two years of experience in the emergency department or acute care. After researching many job openings listed during my time in nursing school, I discovered they were right. However, I wasnt about to let that stop me. I knew the only people I had to convince I was qualified for the position were those on the hiring panel when I went for an interview. My persistence and persuasion paid off. One year after passing the state boards and getting my nursing license, I took a positon as an occupational health nurse. I have been an occupational health nurse in a factory for one year. I knew this was my calling before I even worked in this field. During my interview, I revealed my intentions of taking online courses to get my Bachelor of Science in Nursing Degree and then sitting for the boards to become a Certified Occupational Health Nurse-Specialist (COHN-S). I am in the process of taking online courses to complete the RN to BSN degree. Once I have achieved this goal, I will begin to prepare for the COHN-S examination. I give my family partial credit for what I have accomplished. My diligence and determination was instilled in me during my childhood which wouldnt have been possible if my family didnt support me as I was growing up which has made me the strong person that I am today.

Teenagers, Drugs, And The American Academy Of Child And...

Teenagers abuse a variety of drugs, both legal and illegal. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry names the following as the legal drugs that teens experiment with: alcohol, prescription medications, inhalants (fumes from glues, aerosols, and solvents) and over-the-counter cough, cold, sleep, and diet medications. The most commonly used illegal drugs according to the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry are: marijuana (pot), stimulants (cocaine, crack, and speed), LSD, PCP, opiates, heroin, and designer drugs such as Ecstasy. These drugs are all dangerous and have serious consequences associated with them. Some of the negative consequences associated with teen drug use are: a higher risk for†¦show more content†¦During special events like prom, graduation, house parties and the regular weekend gatherings teens can be found celebrating, raising red solo cups, and enjoying being young. However, at the end of the night it’s not the te ens that find themselves in trouble with the law, it’s the parents. These events are socially referred to as â€Å"drinking parties† when parents knowingly or unknowingly have people under the drinking age in their home participating in underage drinking (Lawyers). Some parents feel that it’s safer for their teens and their friends to drink in the privacy of their home. Other parents have no idea that underage drinking is going on in their home. Regardless of the situation there are consequences for all involved (Lawyers). When parents decide to host an event where there is a possibility underage drinking can take place, parents should be aware of â€Å"social host liability†. When hosting a social event were drinking is taking place parents become liable for any injury or injuries that are caused due to the alcohol that the parent served or supplied (lawyers). Liability does not stop at injuries but includes medical bills, property damage, and pain and s uffering. In more serious cases parents can also face jail time or be fined by the court (Lawyers). However, the children are the ones who unfortunately suffer the most consequences when it comes to underage drinking. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, about 45

Art or Vandalism The acceptance of graffiti as an art form

I believe that Graffiti is most certainly a valid art form. The question as to whether any forms of graffiti can be considered art is a controversial area. Is it vandalism when it is placed on the side of a building or a car and art when it is on a canvas on someones wall or in a gallery- what is the difference? Graffiti, in its more complex forms, can be considered art because it clearly contains artistic elements, it communicates the artists expression to the viewer, and the traditional art community has already accepted it. The objective of this essay is to explain how graffiti art overcomes the concerns of illegality and vandalism and can be considered as a true art form. Graffiti has been around for a long time; its birth goes back†¦show more content†¦This form also takes much planning. Writers usually do a sketch beforehand, carefully outlining, drawing the characters, and inventing a color scheme (Stowers). When writers finish planning, they pick their choice of canvas and begin. A Piece or Production is created in steps. First, an outline of the sketch is done in a light color to get the feeling of how things will look on the large scale. Then, it is gone over adding color and background to the work. Different nozels are used on the spraypaint cans to create diverse effects. When everything is in place, crisp outlines are painted with the intent of having no drips. The clearness of a work signifies the artistic talent of the writer. The latter forms of graffiti style I have mentioned consist of fundamental artistic elements such as line, shape, color, and dimensions. The fact that more complex graffiti forms contain such elements is clear evidence that graffiti is a valid form of artistic expression. Many would argue that the placing of graffiti illegally on the streets makes it impossible to consider as art. I firmly believe that no matter where graffiti is placed, weather on the subway or art gallery it is a way of expressing oneself in an aesthetic and artistic manner. Rebellion is one explanation for why writers use graffiti. Graffiti cries out from places that would otherwise not be heard. It isShow MoreRelated Graffiti Essay948 Words   |  4 Pages GRAFFITI: A VISUAL DIALOUGE Graffiti: term applied to the arrangement of institutionally illicit marks in which there has been an attempt by an individual or group of individuals (usually not professional artists) to display upon a wall or surface that is usually visually accessible to the public. Even if one has never seen graffiti before, a negative image would probably pop into one’s mind after reading this definition. Graffiti is not only a work of art, it also includes the underground cultureRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism?2306 Words   |  10 PagesWhat do people think of when they see graffiti? Is it art, vandalism, or could it be both. Graffiti is a relatively new and developing art form that presents a lot of controversy due to its involvement of illegality. A lot of people see graffiti and instantly label it as vandalism and not an art form; however, by legal definition that’s not always the case. According to Oxford Dictionaries, art is defined as â€Å"The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination†¦producing works toRead MoreGraffiti: Art or Vandalism Essay1911 Words   |  8 PagesGraffiti: Art or Vandalism? Sam Cowey Graffiti has been around for more than half a decade and practiced worldwide. However there is debate between whether it is a form of art or vandalism. Graffiti artists’ debate that many do not understand the reason most graffiti artist take the risk of incarceration, fines, injuries, and in some cases death to paint a wall. A graffiti artist can have the simple desire to become recognized, or to create a piece that speaks to their audience as a form ofRead MoreResearch Paper3914 Words   |  16 Pages UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES Bo. Obrero St., Davao City 2008-2009 Thesis Statement: â€Å"Vandalism is an act which causes defacement in the surroundings and a crass erection of an eyesore.† In Partial Fulfillment of The Activity in English 2 Writing in Discipline Submitted to: Fe Aileen S. Paul Submitted by: Esrely Evangelista Laianne Formentera Joel Daniel Dedoroy Kurtney Ceà ±al Lyka Mae Coronas TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStreet Arts : Street Art1940 Words   |  8 Pagessuch as guerilla art, urban art, or neo-graffiti, but it is ultimately known as street art. Street art is now becoming a very prominent way for artists to show their opinions of the world and politics, and also gives the artist a public place to show their talent. It may not be a very old form of art, but art of its kind is beginning to be recognized around the world. There is a very large debate about whether certain kinds of street art may be considered vandalism and graffiti, or artistic and decorativeRead MoreThe History of Graffiti Essay example1801 Words   |  8 PagesGraffiti is a different form of art, not a crime. Graffiti is a way for people to show their unique creativity. Graffiti is a widely growing activity that is taking notice to many people. Today some people believe that graffiti is cool and wonderful, while others think it is useless and makes cities appear dirty. â€Å"Graffiti is the name for lettering scratched or images, scrawl, painted or noticeable in any manner on property. The term graffiti referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings, etc., foundRead More The True Value of Street Art Essay1924 Words   |  8 PagesMention the word graffiti and what typically comes to mind is something unpleasant and distasteful like indecent language scribbled on a wall of a store or crude pictures. Most graffiti is characterized as vandalism on property that does not belong to the culprit. Graffiti also displays negative graphics that promote some type of vulgar message such as violence, sex, drugs, gangs, and racism. On the other hand, when the terms â€Å"street† and â€Å"art† come together, a blast of colorful creations upon blankRead MoreThe Golden Era of East Coast Hip-Hop2032 Words   |  9 Pagesemigrated to America (1967) from Jamaica bringing with him the already popular DJ style of break-beat mixing used in Jamaican Dub music. He encouraged B-boying or break-dancing, which became part of the four elements of hip-hop culture (B-boying, rap, graffiti and Djing), he  introduced a generation of sampling, which was extensively used in 80s hip-hop whilst creating a generation of  Djs  and influencing artists such as Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaatta and DJ Premier.   Gangs had great influenceRead MoreHow Pastoral Care Policy Has Contributed to the Management of Junior Secondary Schools In Botswana23474 Words   |  94 Pagesmention of teenage pregnancy and the vandalism of infrastructure and equipment taking place in schools (Keoreng, 2008). The then Minister’s sentiments were also echoed by the State President Lieutenant General Ian Khama Seretse Khama in the 2009 state of the nation address when he pointed out that indiscipline in schools was of great concern. He further stated that despite the implementation of the pastoral policy in 2000, issues of indiscipline such as vandalism, truancy, substance abuse and general

Business Rules free essay sample

They cover every aspect of he Business and define even the most menial tasks, Customer Interaction, how employees are hired, how products are developed and how products are shipped are some examples of Business Rules. The Business rules once they are defined are then able to be converted into database entities, attributes, relationships and constraints. These items are then used in the database design for the company. From these entities and attributes relationships are created that correspond to the defined Business rules. Any rules that specifically name a person, place or thing will become attributes or entitles In the database. Constraints are placed on the data to malting the integrity and they are also derived from the Business rules. Examples of these are the days and times that the Business is open and how much an employee is allowed to make in a certain Job function. My company, Manquà ©, is an international medical supply company started in 1853. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Rules or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They began by making operating tables and operating room lamps. Today they make a wide gamut of products from complete operating rooms systems, to balloon pumps and other life-saving equipment. One of our quips Is that if you see our equipment, you are really In trouble or youre a doctor or a nurse.Since we design and manufacture medical supplies, we are regulated by the FDA and are under constant scrutiny and monitoring. Because of this constant monitoring we have to register and address any complaint about our equipment. We have to work on validated systems, our training on clean room access and other safety features are tracked and we keep emails going back to seven years. Some important Business Rules I believe we have are actually many of our constraints. For instance we have clean room training that needs to be completed on a yearly basis.We must complete this training by a certain date to maintain compliance and to be blew to enter a clean room and service the computer. We have rules that define how long we can take to respond to a ticket or how long we can keep a ticket open based on a certain status of low, medium or high. These Rules are in place to make sure we dont contaminate anything when we enter a clean room or we acknowledge and resolve Issues In a timely manner. Business rules define the constructs with wealth an organization operates. They help show the guidelines that employees and managers need to function within to keep the Business successful.Business rules re beneficial to everyone as long as they are properly defined and in the best interest of everyone. Business Rules By postseason Write a paper of 500 800 words in PAP format about Business Rules. Among other things, define what they are, main sources for them, why they are important, and the Business and define even the most menial tasks. Customer interaction, how attributes or entities in the database. Constraints are placed on the data to maintain our quips is that if you see our equipment, you are really in trouble or youre a doctor resolve issues in a timely manner.

Business Economics Neoclassical Business Theory

Question: Describe about the Business Economics for Neoclassical Business Theory. Answer: Topic-1 Value of the firm is calculated by measuring current value of cost flows of profits of the firm over several years in the future. However, it is difficult to overemphasize the importance of value maximization in the neoclassical theory of the firm. However, it is considered as the essential core of the neoclassical theory of the firm. It helps to maximize the total market value of the firm thereby, maximizing social welfare of the firm. Value of the firm = Present value of expected future profits Value maximization is considered as a useful descriptive theory that helps to describe the behavior of a firm. The value of the firm is considered as the wealth of a shareholder that is given by the current value of all anticipated future profits of the firm. The key objective is to maximize the value of the firm that includes the wealth of shareholders. Subject to the several constraints, a firm seeks to maximize its marginal profits (Deng, Kang and Low 2013). Topic-2 The factors other than price impacts demand in the following way: Tastes and Preferences: It is considered as one of the most imperative factor that determines the demand for goods. In other words, if customers have higher preferences for a particular good, the demand for the good will be higher. The change in demand mostly takes place due to changes in fashion as well as types of advertisements. Income of the people: If the income of the people is high, the demand for the product will also increase. In other words, the greater the income of an individual, the greater will be the demand for a product. Greater income also signifies greater purchasing power of an individual. As a result, if income of an individual increase, they can afford to purchase more. On the other hand, if income of an individual decreases the demand for goods will also decrease (Bowen and Sosa 2014). The number of customers in the market: The market demand for a particular product depends on the addition of the individual demand. The larger the number of customers in the market, the greater will be the demand for a product. As a result, the sellers become profitable as succeed to find out new markets for his commodity. The two terms, change in quantity demanded and change in demand are two dissimilar perceptions in economics. On one hand, change in quantity demanded indicates the changes in quantity purchased. On the other hand, change in demand indicates the rise or fall in demand of a manufactured goods due to several determinants of demand, keeping price constant. The movement of the demand curve can calculate change in quantity demanded. However, changes in demand are calculated by shifts in demand curve. Change in quantity demanded is characterized by development and reduction of demand. Expansion of demand refers to the stage when quantity demanded is more due to fall in prices of a commodity. On the other hand, reduction of demand occurs when quantity demanded is less due to increase in the price of a good (Phlips 2014). Figure 1: Expansion and contraction of demand (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows that when price changes from P to P1, the demand curve also gets shifted from Q1 to Q2. P denotes the equilibrium price whereas; the equilibrium quantity is denoted Similarly, change in demand is characterized by increase or decrease in demand that takes place due to changes in several factors such as change in income as well as change in taste and preference of a customer. Figure 2: Increase or decrease in demand (Source: Created by Author) The diagram shows that the movement from to D to D1 indicates increase in demand, whereas; the movement from to D1 to D indicates decrease in demand. Topic-4 The law of diminishing returns is described as the law of economics that states a rising number of new workers cause the marginal product of a different worker to be smaller as compared to the marginal commodity of the previous worker at the similar point. It states that in all productive procedures, the addition of more of one factor of production will at some point bring subordinate incremental per-unit return. Diminishing returns takes place mostly in the short run when capital is fixed. On the other hand, if the variable factor is augmented, it leads to a point where the factors become less productive. As a result, there will be a decreasing marginal product. Diminishing returns is mostly related to the short-run higher SRAC. On the other hand, diseconomies of scale are related to the long-run. It also takes place when increased output leads to an increase in LRAC. One of the good examples of diminishing returns is that of chemical fertilizers. A small amount of chemical fertiliz ers leads to a large amount of output. On the other hand, the further usage of chemical fertilizers will lead to diminishing marginal product as the effectiveness of the chemical diminishes. Another example is that of a caf. In other words, a caf may desire to serve more individuals during the busy months of summer. However, hiring extra employees may lead to difficulties due to lack of space in the caf (Real 2013). Figure 3: Law of diminishing returns (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that as labor usage rises from L to L1, total output gets increased by the amount shown in the figure. On the other hand, if usage of labor is increased by the similar amount again, output increases by lesser amount. This indicates that the diminishing marginal returns to the use of labor as an input. The diagram shows that the marginal product of labor is diminishing all over to the right of point A. The defining characteristics of diminishing marginal returns indicate that with the augment in total investment, the total return on investment as a proportion of the total investment reduces (Murray, Dixon and Johnson 2013). Topic-5 The cost in the long-run is accumulated when firm changes level of production over time in response to predictable economic profits or losses. There are mostly no fixed costs of production in the long-run. The long-run is considered as a planning and accomplishment stage for producers. The combinations of outputs that are produced by a firm mostly analyze the present and predictable condition of the market in order to make decision related to production. Costs under long-run indicates to a period during which all inputs can be differed (Varian 2014). On the other hand, in the short-run, costs are accrued in real time all through the process of production. There is no impact of fixed costs on short-run costs however; variable costs and revenues affect the short-run costs. Based on the variable cost and the rate of production, the short-run costs get increased or decreased. Under the short-run costs, output is zero whereas; the cost is always positive as the fixed cost is incurred regardless of output. Examples of such costs include reduction charges, rent of land as well as loan interest. These type of costs are also referred to as unavoidable contractual costs as they stay contractually fixed and cannot be neglected in the short-run. The major differences between costs in the short run and long run are that in the long-run, there are no fixed factors. However, in the short-run, there are both fixed and variable factors. The general level of price adjusts completely to the state of the economy in the long-run, however; in the short-run the general level of price does not always adjust due to the reduced period of time (Allcott and Rogers 2014). Figure 4: The relationship between long-run and short-run costs (Source: Created by Author) Topic-6 Market structure is defined as a particular combination of features that determines the type of competition as well as pricing in the market. Monopolistic competition is one of the major type of market structure that takes place when there are several sellers who are attempting to be different from each other. Another type of market structure is that of oligopoly under which the market is operated by a small number of firms that controls the majority of the market share together. On the other hand, under natural monopoly, a firm is able to provide the entire market demand at a lower cost. The imperfectly competitive market structure is almost similar to the realistic market circumstances where monopolistic competition, oligopolists as well as monopoly exists. The major features of the major market structure types are as follows: Number of firms in the market: Under perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition market structures are ordered by several sellers from very large number of sellers to just a single seller (Dunne et al. 2013). The degree of equivalence of product: Under oligopoly market structure, firms sell either an equivalent or a differentiated commodity. However, firms under perfect competition and monopoly market structure, always sell an equivalent commodity whereas; under monopolistic market structure firms always sell differentiated commodities. Largest firms and their market share: A single firm has full share of market under pure monopoly. On the other hand, under oligopoly market structure, there is less number of firms, which have majority of market share. Lastly, under perfect competition, the market share of a single firm is insignificant. Barriers to Entry: Under perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition, market structures are characterized by severity of barriers to entry. Pricing: Under monopolistic market structure, firms have insignificant control over price due to differentiation of product as well as advertisement. However, the control over price relies on whether the firm is selling an equivalent or a differentiated product, under monopolistic competition (Stiglitz and Rosengard 2015). Case Study As per the case, the demand for apartments will be relatively inelastic as there are hardly any substitutes for the apartments in this area. However, it is also argued that demand can also be relatively elastic due to the fact that rent is a high proportion of the income of the renter. As a result, an increase in rent will make the renters leave the city on the whole or stay on the streets. The supply of apartments will be comparatively inelastic. According to the case study, the area is defined as a low-income area and there is less probability to avail free lands. As a result, the quantity supplied of apartments will increase in a negligible way. Similarly, the apartment owners will not make any investment in low-income areas with increase in rents (Havranek, Irsova and Janda 2012). Figure 5: Supply and Demand (Source: Created by Author) P denotes the initial equilibrium price and both the demand and supply curve is relatively steeper. If the government decides to provide a building subsidy, it will indicate a fall in costs of production. As a result, supply is likely to increase with lower costs of production. This will in turn create surplus that will indulge the apartment owners to minimize the rents. Figure 6: Shift of the supply curve (Source: Created by Author) The graph shows that the quantity supplied of apartments will increase. In other words, the supply curve shifts towards right from S1 to S2. As a result, price also falls from P to P1 and quantity gets increased from Q to Q1. On the other hand, if demand is perfectly inelastic in that case, the greatest impact will be the reduction in rents. This in turn increases the quantity supplied of the apartments by only a negligible amount. This helps the renters and the owners of the apartments to gain from the program. However, in this scenario the renters gain the maximum profit. References Allcott, H. and Rogers, T., 2014. The short-run and long-run effects of behavioral interventions: Experimental evidence from energy conservation.The American Economic Review,104(10), pp.3003-3037. Bowen, W.G. and Sosa, J.A., 2014.Prospects for faculty in the arts and sciences: A study of factors affecting demand and supply, 1987 to 2012. 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